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Online research methods
General
The ESRC Research Development Initiative
http://www.rdi.ac.uk.
The Researcher Development Initiative supports the training and development of researchers in the social sciences at all stages of their career. Established by ESRC’s Training and Development Board, RDI contributes to the development of a robust national training infrastructure intended to drive forward research training in a systematic way.
RDI aims to facilitate the production and deployment of a range of activities and resources, including student-led activities; training for research students and researchers throughout their career; regional training events; and the development and use of new tools and packages for training purposes.
The Researcher Development Initiative is linked closely with other ESRC training activities and resources, such as the National Centre for Research Methods, and the Research Methods Programme.
The ESRC Research Methods Programme 2002-2007
http://www.ccsr.ac.uk/methods/.
The programme formed part of Council's strategy to improve the
standards of research methods across the UK social science community.
Its funding aimed to:
- support substantively focused research that poses interesting or novel methodological issues;
- foster work that directly enhances methodological knowledge or improves and advances quantitative and qualitative methods;
- encourage and support the dissemination of good practice, including the enhancement of training programmes and training materials for the research community;
- establish Fellowships linked to research funded through this Programme, or linked to existing centres of methodological excellence;
- promote cross-national initiatives involving substantively focused and methodologically innovative research.
ESRC National Centre for Research Methods
http://www.ncrm.ac.uk/.
An organisation aiming to provide a strategic focal point for
the identification, development and delivery of an integrated
national research, training and capacity-building programme.
Aims to promote a step change in the quality and range of methodological
skills and techniques used by the UK social science community,
and to provide support for, and dissemination of, methodological
innovation and excellence within the UK.
ESRC National Centre for eSocial Science
http://www.ncess.ac.uk/.
An organisation aiming to help social scientists to make the
best use of new and emerging e-science technologies in their
research, providing information, training, advice, support and
online resources. Also advises on the future strategic direction
of e-social science.
ESRC Social Sciences Online 'Research Methods' discussion
topic
http://www.sosig.ac.uk/
socsciweek/blog/?cat=2.
Social science research and the Internet: intriguing tangent,
or core business? - Christine Hine
Part of the Social Sciences Online: Past, Present and Future virtual event held during the ESRC Social Science Week (20th-24th June 2005) to look at how the internet is changing the face of social science research. Article written by Christine Hine with related discussion postings.
The Oxford Internet Institute
http://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/
A first point of call for anyone seeking to address the
impact of the internet on social life. Resources such as lectures,
seminars, conferences and publications cover the most up-to-date
thinking in many areas of debate such as gender and racial digital
divide - providing an overall context for hands-on online research.
References Related to the Internet & Psychology, Azy Barak, PhD, University of Haifa, Israel
http://construct.haifa.ac.il/~azy/refindx.htm
Wide range of references including a comprehensive section on internet research methodology and ethics.
Digital Research Tools (DiRT)
http://digitalresearchtools.pbwiki.com/
A wiki drawing together information on a wide range of tools and resources that 'can help scholars (particularly in the humanities and social sciences) conduct research more efficiently or creatively'.
Survey Resources Network
http://www.surveynet.ac.uk/
The Survey Resources Network is a service funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)to co-ordinate and develop ESRC activities related to survey research methods. The aim of the Network is to provide a coherent and integrated approach to the development of skills and knowledge, the dissemination of research findings and research resources, and
the
promotion of best survey practice.
Associations
AOIR - Association of Internet Researchers
http://www.aoir.org/.
The Association of Internet Researchers (AOIR) is an academic
association dedicated to the advancement of the cross-disciplinary
field of Internet studies. It is a resource and support network
promoting critical and scholarly internet research independent
from traditional disciplines and existing across academic borders.
The association is international in scope.
DGOF - German Society for Online Research
http://www.dgof.de/.
The German Society for Online Research co-hosts the German Online
Research Conferences (GOR) and supports activities that serve
to advance, and improve the quality of Online Research and Internet
Science.
ICA - International Communication Association
http://www.icahdq.org/.
An International academic association for scholars interested
in the study, teaching, and application of all aspects of human
and mediated communication.
Online questionnaires
Key links
Web Survey Methodology
http://www.websm.org/.
This website aims to provide information on new technologies
in data collection, with a focus on web surveys. It includes
an extensive bibliography, discussion forum, news and events.
The bibliography includes case studies, sampling, non-response,
design, incentives and technology. Also includes a selection
of articles and guides. The following links are to the more
comprehensive guides available. They provide an overview of
each subject and include references to to additional resources
and, in some cases, to the relevant codes of conduct of market
research societies. They are in pdf format and require Adobe
Acrobat (link
to Adobe Reader).
Guide to incentives:
http://www.websm.org/uploadi/editor/goeritz2005-incentives.pdf
Guide to Survey Design:
http://www.websm.org/uploadi/editor/1133803522kaczmirek2005-survey-design.pdf
Guide to Standards:
http://www.websm.org/uploadi/editor/1133803871kaczmirek-schulze2005-standards.pdf
Guide to Choosing Software:
http://www.websm.org/uploadi/editor/kaczmirek2004-choosing-survey-software.pdf
Edinburgh-Southampton Social Psychology Web-lab
http://socpsy.psy.ed.ac.uk.
Website set up by researchers involved in an ESRC project on
gender stereotypes (Prof Constantine Sedikides, University of
Southampton; Dr Alison Lenton, University of Edinburgh) in order
to carry out the studies connected to the project. Lists current
and previous studies carried out by the team alongside links
to other collections of online experiments and questionnaires.
How to Put Questionnaires on the Internet, Dr Paul
Kenyon
http://www.flyfishingdevon.co.uk/ salmon/internet_questionnaires/ internet_questionnaires.htm.
An excellent learning module from SALMON (Study and learning Materials online), by Paul Kenyon, formerly of The University of Plymouth, Department of Psychology. Designed to introduce students to the use of the internet for collecting research data. It is related to the particular software and systems in use in the department, but also contains a wealth of general information of use to those aiming to produce online questionnaires in a range of different contexts.
Online survey design guidelines
http://lap.umd.edu/survey_design/guidelines.html.
A collection of tips on design, navigation, accessibility and
usability issues collated from key literature in the field,
based at the University of Maryland.
Association for Survey Computing
http://www.asc.org.uk/.
Professional association for Survey Computing in the UK. Includes
a searchable database of software for survey creation, administration
and analysis.
Listings of online studies
Lab-United - International Online-Research
http://www.w-lab.de/lab-united/actual.php.
The Social Psychology Web-lab.
http://socpsy.psy.ed.ac.uk
(Contains links to
listings of online studies).
Online Psychology Research UK
http://www.onlinepsychresearch.co.uk/
(Specifically advertises for participants from the UK).
Listings of software and services for online questionnaire production
Evans, J. R. and Mathur, A. (2005) The value
of online surveys, Internet Research, 15, 2, 195- 219.
An examination of the involvement in online surveys of the largest
US-based and global market research firms. Provides an extensive
list of the services offered as of late 2004.
The WebSM searchable database
http://www.websm.org/index.php ?fl=0&p1=1123 &p2=82&p3=1086
&id=1086
Database of online questionnaire software and services
which has entries categorised by type, code, cost, language
and country.
The Association for Survey Computing searchable software
register
http://www.asc.org.uk/
Register/index.htm
Searchable register which includes information about
the software it contains such as listings of the features offered
and suppliers.
Web-based survey software
http://www.web-based-surveys.com/
Directory of software which can be browsed or accessed
using the 'software finder' which allows users to specify the
features they require.
Services offering software plus hosting
The following examples are chosen as being representative of some of the different types of services available as of December 2005. In each case, a range of comparable options may be available.
Bristol Online Surveys
http://www.survey.bris.ac.uk/
Targeted at institutions requiring the option to
have a number of different surveys and survey administrators.
Highly customisable to the style needs of institutions including
an option to run surveys on their server with an address that
appears to be that of the institution.
Globalpark
http://www.globalpark.com
Provides 'EFS Survey' software which offers relatively advanced
features and a high degree of flexibility. Also makes the software
available to academic researchers for a nominal fee through unipark providing excellent value for these users where advanced
functionality is required.
SurveyConsole/QuestionPro
http://www.surveyconsole.com/
/
http://www.questionpro.com/
Both are divisions of the surveyanalytics
company and they use the same software and interface, but with
different pricing. May offer sponsored use for academic or not-for-profit
projects if certain conditions are met. Also offer a range of
free resources such as articles and question templates.
Surveymonkey
http://www.surveymonkey.com/
Compares well with many of the other available
services in terms of features, but is one of the cheapest commercial
options.
Surveywriter
http://www.surveywriter.com/site/
Relatively expensive, but unusual in that charges
are not made per period of use, but per completed survey and
email invitation with a minimum of 200.
Qualtrics
http://www.qualtrics.com/
A range of relatively sophisticated features. targeted
at individual researchers or at institutions. Offers academic
pricing and free use for academic projects if certain conditions
are met. Also has a range of resources such as articles on online
questionnaires and copyable templates of questionnaires and
questions.
Websurveyor
http://www.websurveyor.com/
Relatively expensive, but with a wide range of
features. Offers both hosting and software only solutions.
Zoomerang
http://www.zoomerang.com/
Offers pricing for not-for-profit and educational
institutions. Also offers a range of research services such
as questionnaire administration, panel services and translation.
Open-source questionnaire software
General information
SourceForge.net
http://sourceforge.net
Searchable repository of open source projects.
Freshmeat.net
http://freshmeat.net/
Listing of new software releases.
OSS Watch: Top Tips For Selecting Open Source Software
http://www.oss-watch.ac.uk/
resources/tips.xml
Page from the website of OSS, a JISC-funded open source
advisory service. Offers guidance on selecting open source
software.
Examples of questionnaire software
The following are some of the main examples of open source software for online questionnaires (generally the more established and/or sophisticated options). A range of other options may be available.
LE Survey
http://le-survey.sourceforge.net/
Designed as a tool for running questionnaires as part of
longitudinal studies. Allows respondents' responses to be
matched to responses to previous questionnaires while maintaining
confidentiality. In early stages of development at the time
of writing.
phpESP
http://phpesp.sourceforge.net/
Well-established software with a working demo available
allowing the features and user-interface to be tested.
LimeSurvey
http://www.limesurvey.org/
A range of relatively sophisticated features. Well-established
with useful documentation. Working demos are available allowing
the features and user-interface to be tested.
Mod_Survey
http://www.modsurvey.org/
Well-established with sophisticated features such as dynamic
content generation depending on previous answers. Requires
the user to learn to use XML syntax particular to the software.
VTSurvey
http://vtsurvey.sourceforge.net/
Easy to use and particularly useful for straightforward
questionnaires as only the four main types of questions
are supported (Multiple choice with radio buttons and Check
boxes, and short and long text entry boxes).
Commercial questionnaire software
The following are some examples of commercial software for online questionnaires. A range of other options are available.
ProntoSurvey
http://www.bebosoft.com/
Shareware tool from Bebosoft which can be downloaded for Mac
as well as windows. Relatively inexpensive and straightforward
to use with clear and extensive documentation and tutorials.
Questionmark Perception
http://www.questionmark.com/uk/home.htm
An educational assessment tool which offers many of the key
features needed to create basic online questionnaires and has
some of the more advanced features such as randomisation of
questions and conditional branching. Potentially useful option
if the software is available through the researcher's institution.
SelectSurveyASP
http://www.classapps.com
Relatively inexpensive. Offers 'classic' and 'advanced' versions
with different levels of features at different prices. Has a
working online demo and a useful example survey which includes
comments on the features illustrated by particular questions.
Offers a free installation service and free technical support.
Snap Surveys
http://www.snapsurveys.com/
Extensive options for mixed-mode surveys, offering a 'core product',
Snap Professional, with add-ons for questionnaires via internet
and PDAs, and to allow scanning and multiple data entry. Expensive
example of 'high-end' options.
SphinxSurvey
http://www.sphinxsurvey.com
Extensive analysis tools including a version offering lexical analysis.
Educational and public-sector pricing offered.
StatPac
http://www.statpac.com/
The online questionnaire software does not include analysis
tools, but it can be purchased alongside the statistics tools
offered. Has basic statistical tools or an advanced version
allowing multivariate statistical techniques. Technical support
and updates are available free for three months, but are chargeable
via annual support/maintenance agreements thereafter. A fully-functional
version of the software can be downloaded and used for free,
limited to 35 respondents for each survey. Download includes
tutorials and extensive user guide.
Software for online interviews
General
Thinkofit Web Conferencing Guide
http://www.thinkofit.com/webconf/index.htm
An extensive listing of different types of software and services
for online communication and collaboration, maintained by David
R. Woolley.
OpensourceCMS
http://www.opensourcecms.com/
Website offering demonstrations of open-source software including
discussion board software. Allows users administrative rights
to make changes to an installation of the software which are
then 'reset' every two hours.
OSS Watch: Top Tips For Selecting Open Source Software
http://www.oss-watch.ac.uk/resources/tips.xml
Page from the website of OSS, a JISC-funded open source advisory
service. Offers guidance on selecting open source software.
Examples of 'Instant messaging' software and services
America Online Instant Messenger
http://www.aim.com/
Google Talk
http://www.google.com/talk/
Jabber
http://www.jabber.org/
Microsoft Messenger
http://messenger.msn.com/
Yahoo! Messenger
http://messenger.yahoo.com/
Online meeting software
(Free trials or demonstrations available by following links)
Web design and development
HTML
Getting started with HTML
http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/Guide/.
A good basic introduction to HTML from the World Wide Web Consortium.
(W3C).
HTML Goodies
http://www.htmlgoodies.com/.
A range of short tutorials designed to help you with specific
aspects of web design.
HTML Reference
http://www.w3schools.com/tags/ref_byfunc.asp.
List of HTML tags organised by their function, from W3Schools.
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) HTML Validator
http://validator.w3.org/.
Enter a link to your web pages or upload a local file to check
that your HTML meets web standards and guidelines.
HTML Tidy
http://www.w3.org/People/Raggett/tidy/.
Automatically cleans up HTML to correct any problems caused
either by mistakes or automatic production of invalid HTML by
web editors.
WC3 Links Checker
http://validator.w3.org/checklink.
Automatically checks for broken links in an HTML document.
Cascading Style Sheets
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/Guide/Style.html.
An introduction to Cascading Style Sheets from W3C.
CSS Reference
http://www.w3schools.com/css/css_reference.asp.
A reference to the properties and possible values that can be
applied to different elements of an HTML page from W3Schools.
Also offers further information on the use of different properties.
W3Schools CSS Tutorial
http://www.w3schools.com
/css/default.asp
Tutorials which include examples and quizzes.
The Worldwide Web Consortium (W3C)'s CSS page
http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/
Offers a wealth of information on CSS.
W3C CSS Validator
http://jigsaw.w3.org/
css-validator/.
Makes it possible to check that your CSS meets web standards
and guidelines by entering a link to your CSS file, uploading
your file from your computer, or pasting your CSS into a text
box on the page.
Writing Efficient CSS
http://www.communitymx.com/
content/article.cfm?cid=90F55
A useful article by John Gallant and Holly Bergevin
on using CSS 'short hand' properties to reduce the size of CSS
files and increase efficiency.
JavaScript
JavaScript Primers
http://www.htmlgoodies.com/primers/jsp/.
30 short JavaScript lessons with learning activities.
JavaScript examples
http://JavaScript.internet.com/.
Over two-thousand examples of JavaScripts organised into sub-sections.
JavaScript use in forms
http://www.irt.org/
script/form.htm.
A range of JavaScript examples with source code specifically
related to web-forms.
Accessibility
W3C Web Accessibility Initiative guidelines (WAI)
http://www.w3.org/
WAI/intro/wcag.php
Document which explains how to make Web content accessible
to people with disabilities. Includes checkpoints of actions
that will improve accessibility and gives each checkpoint a
priority rating according to its importance. Also has links to
explanations of how the checkpoints can be achieved with HTML
and CSS.
Vischeck
http://www.vischeck.com/vischeck/
A service which simulates the appearance of pages to users
with different forms of colour blindness to allow pages to be
tested for suitability for colour-blind users.
DEMOS Project - Guide to accessible web pages: User
control
http://jarmin.com/demos/
access/control.html
A guide to making changes to the display of web pages in different
browsers.
TechDis
http://www.techdis.ac.uk/.
A Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC)-funded advisory
service on accessibility issues in education. Contains useful
resources and 'how to' guides on accessibility.
Macromedia (now Adobe)'s Accessibility Resource Center
http://www.adobe.com/accessibility/.
Offers general guides to accessibility and accessible design
as well as specific guidance on how to increase the accessibility
of HTML and multi-media produced with Macromedia products such
as Dreamweaver and Flash.
Design issues
Usability news: Wichita State University Software Usability
Research Lab
http://psychology.wichita.edu/surl/usability_news.html.
Newsletter providing a range of articles with information on
research into software and website design and usability.
Usable Information Technology
http://www.useit.com/.
Leading site on usability and user studies by Jacob Neilson.
Web-safe colours
http://www.lynda.com/resources/webpalette.aspx.
Offers tables of web-safe colours organised by either hue (colour)
or value (lightness). Makes it easier to design appropriate
colour schemes.
W3C Browser information
http://www.w3schools.com/browsers/default.asp
Information on the main browsers available at the time of
writing is available on the Worldwide Web Consortium (W3C) website
along with statistics on the usage levels of each (though it
should be noted that the statistics are based on users of the
site and should thus be generally considered to be skewed in
favour of more technically proficient users).
Form validation
Client-side validation using JavaScript
Form Validation Using Javascript
http://www.4guysfromrolla.com/webtech/091998-1.shtml
An example of form validation using JavaScript with
explanations from the 4guysfromrolla.com site.
Javascript form validation – doing it right
http://www.xs4all.nl/~sbpoley/webmatters/formval.html
Interesting discussion of validation using JavaScript
aiming to point out some of the main pitfalls.
Server-side validation
Depending on the technology used, the following links may provide a useful source of information, tutorials and examples on how to add server-side validation.
PHP/MySQL
Books
Sklar, C. (2004) Learning PHP.
Sebastapol, CA. O'Reilly.
Chapter 6: Making web forms.
http://www.oreilly.com/
catalog/learnphp5/
Coggeshall, J. (2005) PHP Unleashed.
Indianapolis. SAMS.
Chapter 4: Working with Forms in PHP.
Chapter 5: Advanced Form Techniques.
http://www.samspublishing.com/
title/067232511X
ASP.NET
Microsoft's ASP.NET framework offers a number of ready-made web controls designed to carry out server-side and, where available, Client-side validation of web forms. These include controls that check required fields have been completed, that check that data in particular ranges or patterns has been entered (e.g. in the format of a telephone or credit-card number), and that compare data from one form element for consistency with that from another.
ASP.NET Quickstart tutorials: Validating Form
Input Controls
http://www.asp.net/ QuickStart/aspnet/ doc/validation/default.aspx
A useful tutorial on how these controls work with
code examples.
Form Validation with ASP.NET - It Doesn't Get
Any Easier!
http://www.4guysfromrolla.com/
webtech/090200-1.shtml
Another step-by-step guide.
Books
Mitchell, S. (2003) Teach yourself
ASP.NET. Indianapolis. SAMS.
Chapter 12. Validating User Input with Validation Controls.
http://www.samspublishing.com/
title/0672325438#
Walther, S. (2003) ASP.NET. Unleashed.
Indianapolis. SAMS.
Chapter 2: Building Forms with Web Server Controls.
Chapter 3: Performing Form Validation with Validation
Controls.
http://www.samspublishing.com/
title/0672325438#
PERL/CGI
Form Validation with Perl/CGI
http://www.elated.com/
tutorials/ programming/ perl_cgi/ form_validation/
An introductory tutorial for adding validation using
PERL/CGI.
Book
Guelich, S., Gundavaram, S. and Birznieks, G. (2000) CGI Programming with Perl.
Sebastapol, CA. O'Reilly.
Chapter 4: Forms and CGI;
Chapter 8: Security (available as a sample chapter).
http://www.oreilly.com/
catalog/ cgi2/ toc.html
Server-side processing technologies
General
Books
A good source of information is through the websites of key publishers in the field of web development. These include the following publishers:
O'Reilly
http://www.oreilly.com/
Peachpit Press
http://www.peachpit.com/index.asp
SAMS
http://www.samspublishing.com/index.asp
These sites offer facilities to search for titles related to particular technologies and also offer sample chapters and articles. They also offer access to Safari Bookshelf, which is one of the most convenient access points for books on these technologies online. It offers searchable access to the titles of these and other key publishers in the field for viewing onscreen or for downloading.
Other publishers which are not included in Safari Bookshop offer similar searchable websites and online access to their catalogues, e.g:
WROX
http://www.wrox.com/WileyCDA/
Apress
http://www.apress.com/
Websites
W3Schools
http://www.w3schools.com/
Provides information and tutorials on a range of server-side
technologies including ASP, PHP, SQL, and ASP.NET.
Webmonkey
http://www.webmonkey.com/
General web-design resource. The programming section of
the 'How-to library' includes tutorials on ASP, PHP, ColdFusion,
and Perl/CGI
PHP/MySQL
Books
Coggeshall, J. (2005) PHP Unleashed. Indianapolis. SAMS.
Kent, A., and Powers, D. (2004) PHP Web development with Macromedia Dreamweaver MX 4557. Berkeley, CA. Apress.
Naramore, E., Gerner, J., Le Scouarnec, Y., Stolz, J. and Glass, M. K. (2005) Beginning PHP5, Apache, and MySQL Web Development. Indianapolis. WROX.
Sklar, D. (2004) Learning PHP. Sebastapol, CA. O'Reilly.
Sklar, D. and Trachtenberg, A. (2003) PHP Cookbook. Sebastapol, CA. O'Reilly.
Ullman, L. (2005) PHP and MySQL for Dynamic Web Sites. Berkeley, CA. Peachpit Press.
Welling, L. and Thomson, L. (2004) PHP and MySQL Web Development. Indianapolis. SAMS.
Zandstra , M. (2005) Teach Yourself PHP in 47 Hours, 2nd Edition. Indianapolis. SAMS.
Websites
Codewalkers
http://codewalkers.com/
Offers a wide range of reources on PHP and MySQL including
tutorials
PHP
http://uk.php.net/manual/en/introduction.php
An introduction to PHP from the official website which
includes a very useful introductory tutorial.
MySQL Tutorials
http://www.php-mysql-tutorial.com/
A series of tutorials on how to use PHP and MySQL to create
and administer databases.
ASP.NET / ASP
The resources below refer to ASP.NET which has been designed to supercede ASP. However, at the time of writing ASP remains a commonly-used server-side technology and a wide range of resources are available offering information and tutorials in its use.
Books
Duthie, G. A. and MacDonald, M. (2003) ASP.NET in a Nutshell. Sebastapol, CA. O'Reilly.
Hart, C., Kauffman, J., Sussman, D. and Ullman, C. (2005) Beginning ASP.NET 2.0. Indianapolis. WROX.
Kittel, M. A. and LeBlond, G. T. (2004) ASP.NET Cookbook. Sebastapol, CA. O'Reilly.
Martinez, J. and Parnell, R. (2003) ASP.NET Development with Dreamweaver MX. Berkeley, CA. Peachpit Press.
Mitchell, S. (2003) Teach yourself ASP.NET. Indianapolis. SAMS.
Walther, S. (2003) ASP.NET. Unleashed. Indianapolis. SAMS.
Websites
ASP.NET Quickstart Tutorial
http://www.asp.net/ QuickStart/aspnet/ Default.aspx
Detailed tutorials on using ASP.NET including information
on how ASP.NET controls are used with code examples.
4 Guys from Rolla
http://www.4guysfromrolla.com/
Searchable resource with articles and tutorials on specific
aspects of ASP.NET.
CGI/PERL
Books
Colburn, R. (2003) Teach yourself CGI. Indianapolis. SAMS.
Guelich, S., Gundavaram, S. and Birznieks, G. (2000) CGI Programming with Perl. Sebastapol, CA. O'Reilly.
Websites
CGI Programming 101
http://www.cgi101.com/
Tutorials aimed at beginners with information on how to
set up a development environment using CGI/PERL and how
to process forms and write data to files.
CGI Made Really Easy - or, Writing CGI scripts
to process Web forms
http://www.jmarshall.com/easy/cgi/
Basic introduction to collecting and formatting
information from forms.
Elated
http://www.elated.com/tutorials/ programming/perl_cgi/
Tutorials covering a basic introduction to CGI programming
with PERL along with issues such as validation and emailing.
ColdFusion
Books
Brooks-Bilson, R. (2003) Programming ColdFusion MX. Sebastapol, CA. O'Reilly.
Camden, R., Chalnick, L., Buraglia, A. C. and Forta, B. (2005) Macromedia ColdFusion MX 7 Web Application Construction Kit. Berkeley, CA. Macromedia Press.
DeHaan, J. (2004) ColdFusion Web Development with Macromedia Dreamweaver MX 4557. Berkeley, CA. Apress.
Mohnike, C. (2003) Teach Yourself Macromedia ColdFusion in 21 Days. Indianapolis. SAMS.
Websites
Macromedia's Support Centre for ColdFusion -
Tutorials
http://www.macromedia.com/
support/coldfusion/ tutorial_index.html
A wide range of tutorials. Part of the ColdFusion Support
Center which includes resources, technical notes and a
forum.
JSP
Books
Bergsten, H. (2003) JavaServer Pages, Third Edition. Sebastapol, CA. O'Reilly.
Brunner, R. (2003) JSP: A Practical Guide for Programmers. San Fransisco, CA. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
Holzner, S. (2002) Teach Yourself JavaServer Pages in 21 Days. Indianapolis. SAMS.
Perry, B. W. (2004) Java Servlet & JSP Cookbook. Sebastapol, CA. O'Reilly.
Websites
Caucho JSP Tutorials
http://www.caucho.com/resin-3.0/
jsp/tutorial/index.xtp
Covers topics including form processing and emailing form contents.
Online codes of conduct
Many academic and professional research organisations publish codes of conduct which cover key points of legislation.
Some examples include:
American Psychological Association.
http://www.apa.org/ethics/.
American Political Science Association.
http://www.apsanet.org/section_513.cfm.
Association for Computing Machinery (US).
http://www.acm.org/about/code-of-ethics.
Association for Practical and Professional Ethics (US).
http://www.indiana.edu/~appe/.
British Computer Society: Handbook of Ethics for Health Informatics
Professionals.
http://www.bcs.org/server.php?show=nav.5911.
British Educational Research Association: Research guidelines.
http://www.bera.ac.uk/publications/guidelines/.
British Medical Association.
http://www.bma.org.uk/.
British Psychological Society. Code of Ethics and Conduct (applicable from 31 March 2006 onwards)
http://www.bps.org.uk/the-society/ code-of-conduct/code-of-conduct_home.cfm.
Economic and Social Research Council: Research Ethics Framework
(pdf).
http://www.esrc.ac.uk/_images/Framework_for_Research_Ethics_tcm8-4586.pdf.
The RESPECT project. Funded by the European Commission’s
Information Society Technologies (IST) Programme to draw up professional
and ethical guidelines for the conduct of socio-economic research.
http://www.respectproject.org/main/index.php.
The Center for the Study of Ethics in the Professions at Illinois
Institute of Technology also has vast collection of codes of ethics,
organized by professional category. Many of the categories include
examples from places other than the UK and US.
http://ethics.iit.edu/codes/index.html.
Ethical guidelines for online research
The British Psychological Society (2007) Conducting Research on the Internet.
supplementary guidance document to the BPS Code of Ethics and Conduct, focusing on additional ethical and practice issues inherent in internet mediated research.
http://www.bps.org.uk/the-society/ code-of-conduct/code-of-conduct_home.cfm.
Bruckman, A. (2002a) Ethical Guidelines for Research
online.
http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~asb/ethics/.
Ess, C. and AoIR Ethics Working Committee (2002)
Ethical decision-making and internet research: recommendations form
the AoIR ethics working committee.
http://www.aoir.org/reports/ethics.pdf.
National Committee for Research Ethics in the Social sciences
and the Humanities (NESH), Norway. Research ethics guidelines
for internet research.
http://www.etikkom.no/ English/ Publications/ internet03/.
American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Ethical and Legal Aspects of Human Subjects Research in Cyberspace.
http://www.aaas.org/spp/sfrl/projects/intres/main.htm.
Suler, J. (2000) Ethics in cyberspace research.
http://www.rider.edu/~suler/psycyber/ethics.html.
Internet research ethics. Papers from a panel
presentation organized for the Computer Ethics: Philosophical Enquiries
(CEPE) conference held at Lancaster University, December 14-16,
2001.
http://www.nyu.edu/projects/nissenbaum/ ethics_elgesem.html.
Hill M. L., King, C. B., Eckert-Denver, C., Gibson, E.,
Pankoff, B. and Rice, T. (2004) The Ethics of Online Research:
Issues, Guidelines and Practical Solutions.
http://home.oise.utoronto.ca
/~scottlab/colin.pdf.
Useful resources for online research ethics
Research Methods Festival 2008 - Session 35: e-Research Ethics in the Social Sciences
http://www.ncrm.ac.uk/TandE/RMF2008/index.php?session=35/
Powerpoint presentations from the 2008 Festival sessions on online research ethics.
Online Research Methods Ethics Mailing List.
To subscribe email
majordomo@cc.gatech.edu
and place in the message body 'subscribe online-research-ethics'.
The Association of Internet Researchers -A(o)IR - Ethics
Working Group.
http://www.cddc.vt.edu/aoir/ethics/index.html.
Webspace of the AOIR Working Group established to formulate
a set of values that all internet researchers should uphold when
research involves humans.
The Information Ethics Group, Oxford University Computing
Laboratory.
http://web.comlab.ox.ac.uk/
oucl/research/ areas/ieg/.
Webspace of a research group focusing on the Philosophy of Information
and, in particular, the conceptual foundations of Computer Ethics.
The International Center for Information Ethics.
http://icie.zkm.de/.
An academic website set up as a platform for exchanging information
about worldwide teaching and research in information ethics.
MediaMOO Symposium: The Ethics of Research in Virtual Communities.
http://collections.lib.uwm.edu/cipr/image/32.pdf.
Log of the symposium held on January 20th, 1997, as part of MediaMOO's
fourth birthday celebration to discuss ethical issues raised by
doing research in virtual communities.
The Confidentiality And PRIvacy group (CAPRI).
http://www.ccsr.ac.uk/capri/.
Webspace of CAPRI, University of Manchester, UK - a multidisciplinary
team of researchers set up to investigate the confidentiality and
privacy issues that arise from the collection, dissemination and
analysis of data.
The ETHICS website.
http://www.prs.heacademy.ac.uk/projects/ethics/index.html.
Web pages produced by the ETHICS Project, a one year initiative
funded by the LTSN (now the Higher Education Academy). Aims to provide
a useful resource for new teachers of ethics looking for ideas on
course development, and also for experienced ethicists for whom
it provides a 'snapshot' of current teaching and learning priorities.
The Online Research Ethics Course.
http://ori.hhs.gov/education/
products/montana_round1/ research_ethics.html.
Online course developed through the Practical Ethics Center at the
University of Montana with Office of Research Integrity (ORI) support
during the 2002-03 academic year.
Resources from an international perspective
Digital Divide Network.
http://www.digitaldivide.net/.
An online community for educators, activists, policy makers and
concerned citizens working to bridge the digital divide. Users can
build their own online community, publish a blog, share documents
and discussions with colleagues, and post news, events and articles.
Bridges.org.
http://www.bridges.org/.
An international non-profit organisation that promotes the effective
use of ICT in the developing world to reduce poverty and improve
people's lives.
The World Internet Project.
http://www.worldinternetproject.net.
A project which originated at the University of California, Los
Angeles Center for Communication Policy and which has set out to
investigate and document the impact of the spread of internet usage.
Connect-World.
http://Connect-World.com.
A series of magazines in which decision makers in the telecommunications
and information technology sectors discuss their opinions about
the impact of these technologies upon Global and regional development.
BBC News: Special report on the digital divide.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/
special_report/ 1999/10/99/ information_rich_information_poor/ 466651.stm.
Series of news articles and related links from 1999. Includes case
studies about Burkina Faso, Mongolia, Morocco and the United States.
Information Technologies and International Development
http://www.mitpressjournals.org/loi/itid.
Journal focusing on the intersection of information and communication
technologies (ICT) with international development.
World Summit on the Information Society
http://www.itu.int/wsis/.
Website reporting on the World Summit on the Information Society
(WSIS), the first phase of which took place in Geneva hosted by
the Government of Switzerland from 10 to 12 December 2003. The second
phase took place in Tunis hosted by the Government of Tunisia, from
16 to 18 November 2005.
id21 viewpoints: World Summit on the Information Society.
What did it achieve for ICTs and Development? What did it ignore?
http://www.id21.org/
viewpoints/ WSISNov05.html.
Reflections from Richard Heeks of the University of Manchester on
the 2005 World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS).
Useful resources for copyright, data protection and internet law
Cyber-Rights and Cyber-Liberties
http://www.cyber-rights.org/
A non-profit civil liberties organisation which aims to promote
free speech and privacy on the internet.
Internet Law and Policy Reform
http://www.ilpf.org/
An international nonprofit organization dedicated to the sustainable
global development of the internet through legal and public policy
initiatives.
Lawrence Lessig (Stanford Law School)
http://www.lessig.org/
Home page of the author of Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace. Contains
news on issues such as copyright on the internet of relevance to
Lessig's work.
The Council of Europe. Convention on Cybercrime
http://conventions.coe.int/
Treaty/Commun/ ListeTraites.asp? MA=49&CM=7&CL=ENG
Provides the full text of the Council of Europe's convention on
cybercrime including the additional protocol on rascist acts. Provides
explanatory reports and summaries.
UK Information commissioner's site
http://www.ico.gov.uk
Website of the independent official appointed by the Crown to oversee
the Data Protection Act 1998 and the Freedom of Information Act
2000. Contains a range of information about UK legislation on these
issues.
European Commission Privacy on the Internet- An Integrated
EU Approach to online data Protection
http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/justice_home/fsj/privacy/
A general site by the European Commission that deals with data protection
issues.
Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC): Data protection
webpages
http://www.jisclegal.ac.uk/LegalAreas/DataProtection.aspx
A range of data protection resources including a code of practice
and a briefing paper.
The University of Essex: Data protection webpages
http://www2.essex.ac.uk/rm/dp/dppol.shtm
Comprehensive information about the University's data protection
policies, including background information and links.
Lancaster University: Data Protection Project 2000-01
http://www.dpa.lancs.ac.uk/
A website aiming to provide a guide to Higher Education Institutions
in the UK in complying with the Data Protection Act 1998.
Online experiments
Websites
Psychological Research on the Net
http://psych.hanover.edu/research/exponnet.html
Extensive list of online experiements organised chronologically
by general topic area.
Social Psychology Network
http://www.socialpsychology.org/expts.htm
List of online experiements maintained by Scott Plous of the Wesleyan
University, USA.
The Social Psychology Web-lab
http://socpsy.psy.ed.ac.uk
Website of the Edinburgh-Southampton Social Psychology Web lab which
has links to experiments run by the lab itself along with links
to listings of online studies.
Online Psychology Research UK
http://www.onlinepsychresearch.co.uk/
List of experiments which specifically advertises for participants
from the UK.
The Web Experiment List
http://www.wexlist.net/
List of online experiments maintained by Ulf-Dietrich Reips. Also
has links to publications by Reips.
The Web Experimental Psychology Lab
http://www.psychologie.unizh.ch/
sowi/Ulf/Lab/ WebExpPsyLab.html
List of online experiments along with an outline of the history
of online experiments and a discussion of their use. Also maintained
by Ulf-Dietrich Reips.
Wextor
http://wextor.org/wextor/en/
A free web-based tool that allows users to design and visualize
laboratory experiments and web experiments in a guided step-by-step
process.
Publications
Birnbaum, M. H. (Ed.) (2000) Psychological
Experiments on the Internet. San
Diego. Academic Press.
Publisher's website:
http://books.elsevier.com/
http://psychexps.olemiss.edu/Scrapbook/
Psychological%20Experiments %20on%20the%20Internet.html
Introduction to the book from the 'Phychexperiments' website
at the University of Mississippi.
Mathy, R. M., Kerr, D. L., and Haydin, B. M. (2003)
Methodological rigor and ethical considerations in Internet-mediated
research. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice,
Training, 40, 77-85.
Journal link:
http://www.apa.org/journals/pst/
Nosek, B. A., Banaji, M. R., and Greenwald, A. G.
(2002) E-research: Ethics, security, design, and control
in psychological research on the Internet. Journal of Social
Issues, 58, 1, 161-176.
Journal link:
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/
doi/abs/10.1111/ 1540-4560.00254
Reips, U-D. (2002) Internet-based psychological
experimenting: Five dos and five don'ts. Social Science
Computer Review, 20, 3, 241-249.
Journal link:
http://ssc.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/20/3/241
Reips, U-D. (2002) Standards for Internet-based
experimenting. Experimental Psychology, 49, 4, 243-256.
Journal link:
http://www.psyjournals.com/ content/e8l1777212686570/? p=be4836914f4648e185034029a4f109e5&pi=1
Research methods in general
Social Science Information Gateway - Research Methods
http://www.sosig.ac.uk/roads
/subject-listing/ World-cat/meth.html.
Links to a wide range of resources related to qualitative and quantitative
research methods.
The Web Center for Social Research Methods
http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/.
A site based at Cornell University including a 'Knowledge Base'
- an online hypertext textbook on applied social research methods
including defining a research question, sampling, measurement, research
design and data analysis. Also includes an online statistical advisor
and research methods tutorials.
Research Methods Resources on the WWW
http://www.slais.ubc.ca/resources/research_methods/.
Site maintained by Mary Sue Stephenson of the School of Library,
Archival and Information Studies at the University of British Columbia.
Contains links to a wide range of resources connected to different
areas of research methods.
Online QDA
http://onlineqda.hud.ac.uk/.
An ESRC-funded set of training support materials which address common
problems (both early and advanced) of using Qualitative Data Analysis
(QDA) methods and selected Computer Assisted Qualitative Data AnalysiS
(CAQDAS) packages.
Resources for Evaluation and Social Research Methods
http://gsociology.icaap.org/methods/.
This site links to online books, manuals and guides about evaluation
and social research methods, such as surveys, observations, and
others. There are also links to sites about data quality, statistical
analysis, presenting statistical analysis, and free software such
as statistical software, office suites, spreadsheets and more.
Research Methods and Statistics Arena
http://www.researchmethodsarena.com/.
Collection of resources on Research Methods and Statistics. Includes
books and journal article listings, RSS feeds of the latest available
books, conference listings, blog posts and discussions.
Methods for Social Researchers in Developing Countries
http://srmdc.net/.
A free Web-based course on social research methods written especially
for students and staff in developing countries, but would also be
useful for anyone attempting a research project for the first time.
The website is sponsored by the Sudan-American Foundation for Education,
Inc. and the Ahfad University for Women in Sudan and has been created
by Dr Lee Burchinal. The content of the site is based on a book
produced by the Ahfad University and covers all aspects of conducting
a research project, including learning to think like a researcher,
choosing a question and a research design, collecting and analysing
data and reporting results. The site also contains a useful glossary,
an extensive page of links and a relevant bibliography. A Help tutorial
is also provided for Internet novices.
Various
E-Society
http://www.york.ac.uk/res/e-society/
An academic research programme investigating the impact of the internet
on society.
World Internet Usage Statistics
http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm
Estimates of the number of internet users in different areas of the
world.
MobileResearchForum
http://mrf.ecdc.info/index.php.
For people involved in mobile research or with an interest in mobile
technology.